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Post by dreamy on Jul 19, 2005 6:20:57 GMT 10
TIMELINE OF SCOTTISH HISTORY
Prehistory:
4000 - 2500 B.C.: Neolithic settlers arrive at Scottish shores
2000 - 1000 B.C.: Bronze Age…Settlers arrive in the North of the British Isle, coming from the continent. They were seeking for copper and trading with metal tools. 4. century B.C. Celtic “Scoti” arrive in what we call Scotland today.
First Century:
60 A.D.: Boudicca, Warrior Queen of the Iceni, fought against Roman laws in a rebellion, killing numerous Romans.
84: The Celtic tribes under Calgacus were defeated by the Romans in the Battle of Mons Graupius. 122: The Romans put down a rebellion in the North of Britain. Out of fear of raiding Pictish tribes Emperor Hadrians let build a wall to keep them out. It took 5 years to build Hadrian’s Wall which covered a length of 120 kilometres from Solvay Firth in the west to River Tyne in the east “to separate Romans from barbarians”.
143: The Romans built another wall under the Emperor Antonine Pius. It was to stretch 37 miles across central Scotland, from Firth of Forth to River Tyne. It was abandoned only 20 years later.
397: St. Ninian founded a Christian Mission on the Isle of Whithorn, a peninsula in Southwest Scotland.
5. Century: Four kingdoms were existing now: The Picts in the North, the Scotii (Scots) in the West, the Britons and Angles in the South.
410: The Romans left Scotland .
- to be continued -
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Elly
Administrator
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Post by Elly on Jul 19, 2005 6:43:18 GMT 10
Great idea Dreamy
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Post by krystal on Jul 19, 2005 21:04:38 GMT 10
very interesting Dreamy.
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Post by dreamy on Jul 19, 2005 23:05:10 GMT 10
The Dark Ages
563: St.Column and a number of Christian brothers came from Ireland, moving to the Isle of Iona which is situated near the West coast. He founded a monastry there.
8. Century: Vikings came to raid along the Scottish shores; they invaded the country by using the rivers and for the next 500 years they put terror and fear to the people all over the country.
843: Kenneth MacAlpin of Dalriada united the tribes of Scots and Picts and became the first king of Scotland ("SCOTIA)"). His residence was Scone which was situated near the present Perth.
973: The Scottish sovereign accepted the English King Edgar as "Overlord".
1040: MacBeth killed King Duncan in a battle near Elgin.
1057: Duncan's son Malcolm takes revenge for his father's death, killed MacBeth and became King Malcolm III Canmore of Scotland (reigned from 1057 - 1093).
- to be continued -
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Post by dreamy on Jul 20, 2005 21:01:16 GMT 10
The Anglo-Saxon influence on Scotland
1068: Malcolm III Canmore married Margarete, an Anglo-Saxon...and the Anglo-Saxon influence became superior in Scotland by the time. 1093: King Malcolm III Canmore was killed in the "Battle of Alnwick". During the reign of his sons Edgar (reigned 1097-1107), Alexander I (reigned 1107-1124) and David I (reigned 1124-1153) this process continued. After the death of Edgar Scotland wasn't united any more. His brothers devided the country and Alexander I became King of Scots while his brother David I reigned as King over Strathclyde and Lothian. David I. made use of the weakness of the English King Stephan and expanded Scotland's borders further to the South including all of Northumberland. He changed a number of laws in Scotland and gave quite a lot of Scottish land to Normans. Under his reign Scotland was united again.
1138 David was defeated in the "Battle of the Standard" by the English army under the leadership of the Archbishop Thurstan of York.
1153: Malcolm IV was crowned King and reigned from 1153-1165. Rise of Somerled who is known as the Scot-Viking "Lord of the Isles" and the forfather of the Clans MacDonald and MacDougal.
1165-1214: William I, called "The Lion of Scotland" reigned.
1174: William I was defeated at Alnwick. He signed the "Treaty of Falaise" and accepted to promise loyality to the English King. 1189 he withdrawed.
1237: Alexander II (reigned from 1214-1249) had to accept the Tweed-Solvay-Line as the Southern border of his country in the "Treaty of York".
1249-1286: Reign of the last Canmore King Alexander II. During his reign Scotland had a time of peace and economical wealth and growing. His grand daughter Margarete married the Norwegian King Erik III Magnussen.
1263: "Battle of Largs". King Haakon of Norway was beaten and the Vikings were driven out of Scotland, especially the Hebrides, forever.
1286: After the death of Alexander III Margarete, called "The Maid of Norway" was proclaimed as Queen of Scotland.
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Elly
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Post by Elly on Jul 20, 2005 22:01:37 GMT 10
great stuff Dreamy, thanks for the great work really enjoying this, will pin it and keep it to the top
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Post by dreamy on Jul 21, 2005 5:17:43 GMT 10
Thank you, Elly!
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Post by dreamy on Jul 22, 2005 3:24:10 GMT 10
Scottish Wars of Independence
1290: The English King Edward I. arranged the marriage between his son Edward and margarete, "The Maid of Norway"; in the "Treaty of Birgham" he acknowledged Scotland's independence. Margarete, who had been Alexander'S only heir, died on her way to Scotland. Now the Scottish throne was opened to numerous claims. England intensified the effort to take Scotland over.
1292: Edward I. proclaimed John Balliol as King of Scotland; he reigned from 1292-1296.
1296: Edward I. invaded Scotland and stole the "Stone of Destiny", the Coronation Stone of Scotland's kings, and took it to England to Westminster Abbey. In Berwick and Dunbar thousands of Scots were killed by Edward's troops.
1297: A revolt against England was risen. William Wallace killed Hazelring, the Sheriff of Lanark. The Scottish army under William Wallace defeated the English troups of Edward I. in the "Battle of Stirling Bridge". Wallace became "Guardian of Scotland".
1298: As a revenge the English came back and defeated William Wallace and his army in the "Battle at Falkirk". Though Wallace resigned his role as Guardian, the Scottish people had gained a new feeling of identity and a burning wish for freedom.
1305: William Wallace was betrayed and then captured by the English. He was cruelly executed.
1306-1329: Robert the Bruce murdered his rival for the Scottish throne (John "Red" Comyn); was coronated at Scone and reigned as King of Scotland.
1314: "Battle of Bannockburn" near Stirling. An outnumbered army under Robert the Bruce defeated the English army...it was the worse loss England ever had since.
1320: "Declaration of Arbroath" rejects any English influence.This is the passage in the Declaration: Never will we on any conditions be brought under English rule. It is in truth not for glory, nor riches, nor honours that we are fighting, but for freedom -- for that alone, which no honest man gives up but with life itself.
1326: The first Scottish Parliamnet met.
1328: England accepted Scotland's sovereignity in the "Treaty of Northhampton".
1329: King Robert the Bruce died. His son David II. followed him on the throne (reigned from 1329-1371).
1332: Second Scottish War of Independence. "Battle of Dupplin Moor"; Scots were defeated by Edward Balliol, son of John Balliol, who invaded Scotland with England's support.
1333: "Battle of Halidon Hill", Scots were defeated by King Edward II. of England.
1346: "Battle of Neville's Cross"; the Scots were defeated and King David II. captured.
1371: King Robert II, became King of Scotland, the first Stewart King.
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Elly
Administrator
Posts: 29,887
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Post by Elly on Jul 22, 2005 22:08:23 GMT 10
great work, Dreamy.
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Post by dreamy on Jul 23, 2005 0:43:34 GMT 10
The reign of the Stuarts
1371: The first Stewart Kings Robert II 81371-1390) and Robert III (1390-1406) reigned quite weakly and as a consequence they lost influence while the nobles became mightier. The spelling of "Stewart" changed to "Stuart".
1423-1437: James I, a very capable king, was trying to regain his might as a King and was quite successful in the beginning but the years of lacking control had caused a feeling of independence under the Scottish nobles. James I was murdered.
1488-1513: Reign of James IV who intensified the connections to the French monarchy. He was married to the daughter of the English King Henry VII; due to this Scotland had a peaceful time under his reign and economical wealth. When Henry VIII became King of England this peaceful time ended. The English King was on war with France and James IV remained loyal to the French King . james IV was killed in the "Battle at Flodden" and James V inherited the Scottish throne.
1542: James V died and Maria Stuart, Mary Queen of Scots, was born at Linlithgow Palace.
1542-1560: Through aggressive sermons John Knox, a fanatic Scottish reformer, made his followers burn Catholic churches. 1547 a French corps enabled that the Catholic religion had a chance to continue in Scotland.
1558: Mary married Francis II of France.
1561: Mary returned to Scotland (reigned from 1542-1567).
1563: "Witchcraft Acts" passed; they condemned all 'witches' to be burnt.
1565: Mary married her cousin Lord Darnley who soon showed his bad qualities both in reign and as a husband.
1566: Lord Darnley murdered Mary's private secretary, David Rizzio, before her own eyes. Mary's son, James VI, was born at Edinburgh Castle.
1567: Lord Bothwell, Mary's lover, murdered Lord Darnley and married Mary. The Scottish nobles were outraged and Mary abdicted and fled to England. There she remained under arrest in various castles and towers for the next 20 years. James VI became King of Scotland, reigned from 1567-1625.
1587: After she had been convicted of an intrigue to murder the English Queen Elisabeth I. Mary was executed at Fotheringhay.
1594: In the "Battle of Glenlivet" the MacLeods massacred the MacDonalds on the Isle of Eigg.
1597: James VI wrote "Demonology". Hysteria and witch burnings were the result.
1603: Elisabeth I. died and James VI became as James I. also King of England.
1618: With the "Five Articles of Perth" James VI tried to integrate the Scottish Presbyterian Church with the Church of England.
1625: James VI of Scotland/James I. of England died.
1625-1649: Reign of Charles I. who had even less interest in Scotlad than his father James VI.
1640-1649: Civil War in England between royalists and the supporters of the Parliament. The Scottish national Convenanters sopported the rebels against Charles I. It was a civil but also religious war.
1649: Oliver Cromwell ordered to execute Charles I. In Scotland his son Charles II was immediately proclaimed as King. Cromwell invaded Scotland, defeated the followers of Charles II and reigned as "Lord Protector" over England, Scotland and Ireland.
1660-1685: After Cromwell's death the Sottish monarchy was restored and Charles II became King of Scotland and England.
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Post by LLady on Jul 31, 2005 0:02:55 GMT 10
Great job dreamy thank you!
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Post by dreamy on Mar 13, 2006 2:03:06 GMT 10
1685:: Charles II died.
1685 - 1688: Reign of James VII of Scotland and James II of England.
1688: James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed.
1689 - 1694: William of Orange and Mary Stewart II reigned.
1689: First Jacobite revolt Battle of Killiecrankie: John Graham of Claverhouse ("Bonnie Dundee") lead the Highlanders against the Government forces of General Hugh MacKay and defeats them. It was a victory with a big loss though as Dundee got killed in this battle.
1689: Battle of Dunkeld. Following the death of Viscount Dundee in the Jacobite victory at the Battle of Killiecrankie the Highlanders were led on the field of battle by Colonel Cannon. With the Scottish Privy council preparing to leave Scotland, the newly formed Cameronian regiment, 1200 men, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Cleland, moved north from Perth to meet the advancing Jacobites.
Dunkeld was not protected by a town wall, so Cleland ordered his troops to take up defensive positions in the cathedral, and the nearby house of the Marquis of Atholl. The Jacobites took up positions in neighbouring houses, and a four hour of exchange of musket fire ensued. Having exhausted their own munitions, the Cameronians are reported to have stripped lead from the cathedral roof to keep up their fire.
The battle was brought to an end by a group of Cameronians charging the Jacobite defenses and setting them alight. The Jacobites routed, having lost around 300 men. Losses on the government side are unclear, but included Colonel Cleland, who is buried in the cathedral.
1692:: Massacre of Glencoe:
The Massacre of Glencoe occurred in Glen Coe, Scotland early in the morning on February 13, 1692, during the era of the Glorious Revolution and the Jacobite Risings. 38 MacDonalds were killed by the guests who had accepted their hospitality, for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange. Another 40 women and children died of exposure after their homes were burned. The surprise attack in the night was led by Robert Campbell of Glen Lyon, who was following the orders he got from the "Master of Stairs", Dalrymple. Dalyrymples orders came directly from King Wiliiam.
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