Elly
Administrator
Posts: 29,887
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Post by Elly on Mar 15, 2006 23:29:07 GMT 10
Thanks Dreamy for keeping the Timeline going, it's great. #ssmile#
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Post by dreamy on Mar 19, 2006 8:25:31 GMT 10
Oh, I think it was about time to do so, no? #embarrassed# . I'm working on the next chapter, will post it soon.
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Post by dreamy on Mar 20, 2006 1:03:15 GMT 10
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
1702: William of Orange (William III and II) died.
1707: Union of the Parliaments Scotland, suffering of serious economical problems, officially united with England and the UNITED KINGDOM was found by the tretay of Union of Parliamnets. The union was accompanied by riots in Scotland, especially in Edinburgh and it was the Highlander who expressed that they never wanted this union. It was passed though.
1714: Death of Queen Anne.
1715: Jacobite Rising. The Jacobites were fighting for James VIII.
Battle of Sheriffmuir: John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar, standard-bearer for the Jacobite cause it Scotland, mustered Highland chiefs and, on September 6, declared James Francis Edward Stuart King of Scotland. With an army of about 12,000 men Mar proceeded to take Perth, and commanded much of the northern Highlands. Following unsuccessful skirmishes against John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (fortified at Stirling), Mar was eventually persuaded to lead his full army south, doing so on 10 November. Spies informed Argyll of Mar's actions, and he moved his army of about 4,000 to Sheriffmuir, near Dunblane. The two armies met on 13 November.
Argyll was vastly outnumbered by the Jacobite army (which was somewhat diminished from its previous numbers), and his left wing, commanded by General Whetham, was far shorter than the Jacobites' opposing right. Argyll's right wing attacked, and managed to drive the Highlanders back, but Whetham's soldiers were overpowered by a much larger force. Argyll came to the aid of Whetham's men. By evening, both armies were seriously reduced, and although Mar had a great advantage in numbers, he refused to risk the entirety of his army, allowing Argyll to withdraw.
The battle was inconclusive, and both sides claimed victory. The engagement only served to demoralise the Jacobite army who, with their vastly superior numbers, felt they should have decisively won. Mar's French and Spanish supporters in particular withdrew their forces, which dwindled in Scottish ranks as well.
On 23 December, the "Old Pretender" James Stuart, who had been exiled in France, landed at Peterhead, his cause largely lost. He met with Mar at Perth, but was unable to rouse the disheartened army. Argyll, reinforced and inviggorated, soon advanced north, while Stuart and the Jacobite army fled to Montrose, and the Pretender returned to France. The Army moved to Ruthven, and dispersed.
1719: Next Jacobite Revolt, known as "The Little Rising".
Battle of Glenshiel:
The only battle of this Rising occurred between a government army led by General Wightman and Jacobites under the 10th Earl Marischal at Glenshiel.
The Jacobite cause was supported by France and occasionally Spain. Cardinal Alberoni on behalf of Philip V of Spain sent five thousand men to aid the new Rising. The news of this generated great enthusiasm until a sea journey through terrible weather saw only around three hundred Spaniards reach Scotland at Kintail. This setback made many potential recruits withhold.
Less than a thousand men assembled to be led by Cameron of Lochiel, Lord George Murray and the Earl of Seaforth. Eilean Donan Castle became their supply base while they headed off for Inverness through the Great Glen.
The Hanovarians were aware of their moves and attacked Eilean Donan Castle from the sea, destroying it with the cannon fire of three warships. General Wightman came from Inverness and confronted the Jacobites at Glenshiel on the 10th of June. The forces were well matched and the battle continued for hours with no clear victor.
When expected Jacobite support from the Lowlanders was minimal, spirits fell completely. The Rising was abandoned and the Jacobites headed for their homes. The Spaniards surrendered to Wightman and were eventually sent home after a period of imprisonment.
1727: George I died.
1739: The BLACK WATCH was formed. The Black Watch was a regient formed more to controll the Highlands rather than to help their inhabitants.
1745: Charles Edward Stuart ( "Bonnie Prince Charles" ) arrived from France. The Prince's standard was raised at Glenfinnan at the head of Loch Shiel on 19th August. At first there was no sign of any gathering clans but late in the afternoon the Camerons of Lochiel arrived followed by MacDonalds and MacGregors. Eventually some 1,500 men assembled. Many chiefs were reluctant to join him, but his enthusiasm and charm persuaded many who heard him. It is likely that the news that the Campbells were gathering a unit to assist the government forces, may have induced some clans with scores to settle to join the Jacobite cause.
1745: Jacobite Rebellion:
Battle of Prestopans: The Jacobite army entered Edinburgh on 17 September and Charles took up residence in the Palace of Holyroodhouse. Up until this time, apart from a few skirmishes, the Hanoverian army had avoided any major conflict. But they were encamped at Prestonpans, to the east of Edinburgh under the command of Sir John Cope, waiting for reinforcements from the south. On September 21, Lord George Murray led the Jacobites in a circle to the south and took the redcoats by surprise by attacking at dawn from the rear. The Battle of Prestonpans lasted only 15 minutes and gave the Jacobites a psychological boost. The Scottish army crossed the English border and marched through England as far as Derby. But bad winter weather was taking its toll and there was no swelling of the ranks from the people of England. Faced by a Hanoverian army of 12,000 and another army of redcoats coming south behind them, the Prince's advisers recommended retreat.
1746: Battle of Falkirk:
On 17th January, the Jacobite and Hanoverian armies met near Falkirk. Thanks once again to the tactics of Lord George Murray, the Highlanders inflicted heavy casualties on the redcoats who left the field of battle in confusion, only failing light stopping a rout. In the entire campaign from Glenfinnan to Falkirk the Jacobite army had never been defeated.
1746: Battle of Culloden, April 16th, 1746:
After Falkirk, Charles was all for turning south again but his officers advised moving north. Charles was aghast, but had to accept. His army grew smaller as they marched north through the Highlands and the Duke of Cumberland was again in pursuit with fresh troops. By 20 February Charles and fewer than 5,000 men reached Inverness. It took time for the government forces to assemble and reach the Moray Firth but gradually 8,000 men were advancing on Inverness. On 16 April 1746 the opposing forces met on Culloden Moor. Hanoverian cannon fire over a period of an hour killed many clansmen. When the Highlanders eventually charged, the rifle fire from the redcoats ripped into them. "Butcher" Cumberland had given the order that no quarter was to be spared and many wounded Jacobites were later killed. It is estimated that Jacobite losses amounted to 2,000; the Hanoverians lost 300.
Prince Charles had to flee the battlefield. A huge reward of £30,000 for his capture was offered but over the next five months Charles was kept out of the hands of the Hanoverians by many brave people. By the end of April he had sailed to the Outer Hebrides, remaining there for two months. On occasions, his skill with the gun allowed him to keep himself and his companions in food. Towards the end of June, government forces were closing on him in Uist and Flora MacDonald was recruited to spirit him over the sea to Skye, disguised as her maid. The song "Over the Sea to Skye" commemorates that journey. They reached Portree a few days later and the Prince bade farewell to Flora on 1 July. Eventually, on 20 September, he embarked from Arisaig for France in a French ship which had been sent to collect him.
1746: Prohibition of the kilt The clan system was destroyed, it was forbidden to wear the kilt, to have weapons or to speak in Gaelic. This was the English attempt to totally erase Scottish culture.
...to be continued.....
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Post by desertrose on Mar 22, 2006 16:22:53 GMT 10
Oh, this is super fantastic! I saw one of these timelines done on Ireland once and wished I could find one on Scotland! This is a godsend cause it will greatly help me in my learning of history and sharing with others in my re-enactments. And since my brain cells are few and far between at my age, I like that it is to the point and you can pinpoint things out in history real quickly. Many thanks, Dreamy for doing this. I look forward to more.
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Post by dreamy on Mar 23, 2006 17:35:06 GMT 10
Why thank you Rose *blushing*... I hope to be able to post the next part of the timeline soon. I'm glad you like it!
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Post by roper on Mar 25, 2006 7:26:50 GMT 10
this is really cool! thanks dreamy for all the hard work you went through to post this. really interesting
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Post by ladyoftheloch on Oct 6, 2006 3:10:06 GMT 10
I agree with all of the above, this is really cool. I can't imagine how much time you took in getting this all together, but thanks a bunch!
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Post by smudger on Oct 8, 2006 8:58:31 GMT 10
Hi ladyoftheloch if you are like me who is very interested in history most of all in Scottish history then you are at the right address , because there are several members who post regularly wih in depth info about Scotland .
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