Post by dreamwalker on May 31, 2005 23:01:30 GMT 10
On the death of Charles II, his brother, James VII of Scotland and II of England, succeeded to the throne. (The word Jacobite comes from the Latin for James - Jacobus.) He was a Roman Catholic and a firm believer in the divine right of Kings. Both stances made him so unpopular that in 1688 Parliament invited William of Orange and Mary (James II's daughter by his first wife, a Protestant) to rule. In 1689 James VII & II was deposed. In the sixty years that followed there were five attempts to restore James and his descendents to the throne. Of these, three were major - 1689, 1715 and 1745. The massacre at Glen Coe is also part of Jacobite history.
First and Second Jacobite Uprising (1689, 1708)
In 1689 the Convention of Estates in Scotland found in favor of William and Mary, recognizing them as the legitimate monarchs. This led to the first Jacobite (Latin for James) rebellion. The most prominent figure of the first uprising was "Bonnie Dundee", John Graham, Earl of Claverhouse. However, Graham was killed in his victory at Killikrankie (July 1689) and shortly thereafter the resistance was defeated at the battle of Dunkeld. James had raised an army in Ireland where a Parliament had acknowledged him as king. However, his forces in Ireland were defeated by William at the Battle of the Boyne (July 1690) and James fled back to France. At Limerick, the last remnants of the Jacobites were defeated and the Jacobite forces surrendered. The Wild Geese, some 10,000 Irishmen, fled for France to support James there.
In 1708 a planned invasion from France didn't materialize.
Third and Fourth Jacobite Uprising (1715, 1719)
In 1715 John Erskine, Earl of Mar, (known later as "Bobbing John" because he changed sides and later informed on many of his former allies), raised the clans again. The battle at Sheriffmuir was indecisive, but the Jacobites withdrew. A small Jacobite army was defeated at Preston. James VIII (the Old Pretender) landed at Peterhead but was forced to retreat to France.
In 1719 an army of approximately 300 Spaniards landed at Eilean Donan Castle. The Casle with its contingent of 48 Spaniards was attacked and taken by three frigates. Jacobite forces were defeated in June at Glen Shiel.
First and Second Jacobite Uprising (1689, 1708)
In 1689 the Convention of Estates in Scotland found in favor of William and Mary, recognizing them as the legitimate monarchs. This led to the first Jacobite (Latin for James) rebellion. The most prominent figure of the first uprising was "Bonnie Dundee", John Graham, Earl of Claverhouse. However, Graham was killed in his victory at Killikrankie (July 1689) and shortly thereafter the resistance was defeated at the battle of Dunkeld. James had raised an army in Ireland where a Parliament had acknowledged him as king. However, his forces in Ireland were defeated by William at the Battle of the Boyne (July 1690) and James fled back to France. At Limerick, the last remnants of the Jacobites were defeated and the Jacobite forces surrendered. The Wild Geese, some 10,000 Irishmen, fled for France to support James there.
In 1708 a planned invasion from France didn't materialize.
Third and Fourth Jacobite Uprising (1715, 1719)
In 1715 John Erskine, Earl of Mar, (known later as "Bobbing John" because he changed sides and later informed on many of his former allies), raised the clans again. The battle at Sheriffmuir was indecisive, but the Jacobites withdrew. A small Jacobite army was defeated at Preston. James VIII (the Old Pretender) landed at Peterhead but was forced to retreat to France.
In 1719 an army of approximately 300 Spaniards landed at Eilean Donan Castle. The Casle with its contingent of 48 Spaniards was attacked and taken by three frigates. Jacobite forces were defeated in June at Glen Shiel.